Mozambique's Central Government Debt (% of GDP), 1999-2022

Mozambique's debt-to-GDP ratio fluctuated significantly, peaking at 126.19% in 2016 due to undisclosed loans that triggered an economic crisis. Earlier, debt had declined substantially, from over 100% in 2000 to 32.26% in 2007, following debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative.

The pandemic further strained public finances, with debt reaching 119.96% in 2020. By 2022, it stabilized at 104.52%, highlighting Mozambique's persistent challenges in managing debt amid economic recovery efforts.