Netherlands's Overall Balance (% of GDP): Net Lending/Borrowing Trends and Forecasts (1990-2029)

The Netherlands’ fiscal history highlights strong economic management with periods of volatility. The early 1990s faced deficits of up to -4.1%, exacerbated by reunification costs. The introduction of fiscal discipline saw surpluses emerge by the late 1990s, with a peak of 1.8% in 2019.

The pandemic caused a temporary reversal, with deficits reaching -3.7% in 2020. Although forecasts predict gradual declines in fiscal health, with deficits at -3.3% by 2029, the Netherlands remains well-positioned for recovery due to its strong economic foundations.