Unemployment Rate Evolution in Rwanda from 1991 to 2022

Rwanda's unemployment rate has shown a sharp rise over the decades, reflecting shifts in economic conditions, demographic trends, and global events. From a low 0.3% in 1991, the unemployment rate climbed steadily, reaching 0.9% of the labor force by 2002. This period saw Rwanda's recovery from the 1994 genocide, with a focus on rebuilding the economy and reintegrating displaced populations into the labor market. However, employment opportunities remained limited, especially in urban areas.

A significant surge occurred between 2014 and 2017, as the unemployment rate jumped from 1.2% to 11.9%. This increase aligns with rapid urbanization and a growing youth population entering the labor force, coupled with challenges in creating sufficient jobs. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated unemployment, peaking at 15.8% in 2021, as lockdowns disrupted key sectors like tourism and services. By 2022, unemployment slightly declined to 15.1%, indicating gradual recovery efforts and economic resilience.