Population Growth Trends in South Africa from 1990 to 2023

South Africa’s population growth rate experienced significant fluctuations, influenced by socio-political changes, health crises, and economic conditions. In 1990, the rate peaked at 3.1%, reflecting high fertility rates and the end of apartheid. However, by 2000, the growth rate had dropped to 1.0%, primarily due to the devastating impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic and its effect on mortality.

Recovery in growth rates occurred after 2006, with improved healthcare access and HIV treatment programs, leading to a steady rise up to 2.1% in 2015. The decline to 0.4% in 2017 mirrored economic challenges and emigration. By 2023, the rate stabilized at 0.9%, signaling a mix of improving healthcare and ongoing economic migration pressures. These trends underline the dynamic interplay of health, migration, and policy on South Africa's population growth.