Population Density in China from 1990 to 2021

The chart highlights the gradual increase in China's population density from 1990 to 2021. Starting at 121 people per square kilometer in 1990, the density grew steadily to reach 150 by 2021, reflecting a 24% increase over the 31-year period. This growth can be attributed to China's large population, despite the one-child policy that was in effect from 1979 to 2015, which helped slow population growth. Urbanization has played a significant role in this density increase, with millions moving to cities, contributing to China's rapid economic development. The population stabilized in recent years, with density remaining constant at 150 people per square kilometer from 2019 onward, indicating a slowing population growth rate as China faces an aging population and lower birth rates.

Beyond the numbers, the concentration of the population in the eastern and southeastern parts of the country has led to significant urban challenges. Major cities like Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou are overcrowded, creating severe housing shortages and inflating property prices. Transportation infrastructure is under immense pressure, with traffic congestion and insufficient public transport systems. Additionally, industrial activities and heavy vehicle emissions contribute to worsening air pollution, particularly in these densely populated urban centers. The disparity between overcrowded urban areas and sparsely populated rural regions highlights the challenges China faces in balancing development, managing resources, and addressing environmental concerns.