Population Growth Rate in Rwanda from 1990 to 2023

Rwanda's population growth rate has experienced dramatic fluctuations, shaped by historical events and recovery efforts. In the early 1990s, the growth rate hovered around 2.2%–2.4%, reflecting a steady demographic trend. However, the 1994 genocide caused a catastrophic decline, with growth rates plummeting to -16.05% in 1994 and -16.88% in 1995. These years saw mass displacement, loss of life, and disruption of societal structures, significantly impacting population dynamics.

A sharp rebound occurred in 1996, with a remarkable growth rate of 16.63% of Rwanda's total population, as refugees returned and rebuilding efforts began. This spike gradually normalized, with rates stabilizing to around 1.2%–3.2% between 1998 and 2005. From the mid-2000s onward, sustained economic growth, improved healthcare, and reduced infant mortality supported a steady growth rate of 2.3%–2.7%. By 2023, the rate declined slightly to 2.28%, reflecting ongoing family planning initiatives and demographic transition as Rwanda moves toward a more stable population structure.