The sharp spike to 12.5 in 2020 and 11.9 in 2021 directly results from the COVID-19 pandemic, during which Italy was one of the hardest-hit countries in Europe. The slight decline to 12.1 in 2022 reflects recovery efforts but underscores the demographic challenge of an aging society with high mortality risks.
Gain a broader perspective by reviewing Italy’s annual GDP growth rate, Italy’s military personnel proportion, Italy’s industry sector share in GDP.