Tunisia Facts and Figures

Geographic and Economic Introduction

Tunisia, located in North Africa along the Mediterranean coast, is known for its vibrant culture and historical significance. The capital, Tunis, along with other key cities like Sfax and Sousse, are central to Tunisia’s economy and culture. As an active participant in international affairs, Tunisia joined the United Nations in 1956, the African Union in 1963, and the World Trade Organization in 1995, highlighting its commitment to global diplomacy and economic integration. Tunisia stands out for its advancements in renewable energy and its strong educational foundation, which has helped foster a growing technology and tourism sector. With a well-educated, youthful population and a strategic location bridging Europe and Africa, Tunisia has positioned itself as an attractive destination for investment and research.

Transformative Historical and Political Events

Tunisia’s recent history has been profoundly shaped by the Arab Spring, which began there in 2010 and marked a turning point for the entire region. The revolution led to the overthrow of long-time leader Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, sparking a wave of political reform that transitioned the country toward a democratic system. This event not only redefined Tunisia’s governance but also inspired democratic movements across the Middle East and North Africa. The political changes resulting from the Arab Spring have brought about constitutional reforms, enhanced civil liberties, and greater political participation, laying the groundwork for Tunisia’s journey toward political stability and economic growth.

Demographics Overview

In 2023, Tunisia’s population reached 12.5 million, with a moderate density of 79 people per square kilometer. The country maintains a working-age population of 66.1%, supported by a median age of 33 years as of 2024. Life expectancy in Tunisia is 74 years, reflecting steady healthcare advancements, while the country’s annual population growth stands at 0.8%, indicating a relatively stable demographic pattern. Tunisia’s urbanization rate of 70.5% shows a gradual shift toward city life, aligning with other developing economies in the region. Infant mortality rates, at 9.9 per 1,000 live births, are comparatively higher than neighboring countries, highlighting areas for improvement in maternal and infant healthcare.

Economic Performance and Sector Distribution

Tunisia’s GDP, totaling $48.5 billion in 2023, ranks it 92nd globally, with a moderate growth rate of 2.6%. Inflation remains a significant concern, recorded at 9.3% in 2023 but projected to decrease to 7.4% by 2024. Exports in 2023 amounted to $19.9 billion, while imports reached $25.5 billion, resulting in a trade deficit of $5.5 billion. The country’s service sector dominates its GDP at 60.3%, followed by industry at 23.3% and agriculture at 9.8%, with manufacturing contributing 15.1%. Unemployment is high at 15.1% in 2023, indicating potential growth opportunities in emerging sectors. For market research in Tunisia, these figures provide critical insights, highlighting areas for investment and growth amidst inflationary challenges and a need for economic diversification.

Public Finance

Tunisia’s fiscal deficit remains a challenge, with a net lending/borrowing balance of -6.62% of GDP in 2023. Central government debt has increased to 79.36% of GDP as of 2022, underscoring fiscal pressures and a need for effective debt management strategies. Tunisia receives 2.7% of its GNI from net official development assistance, supporting infrastructure and social programs.

Military Overview

Tunisia maintains a military personnel count of 36,000, making up 31.6% of the population. Military spending is relatively high for the region, constituting 2.5% of GDP in 2022. This steady investment reflects Tunisia’s focus on regional security and stability, though it also competes with other budgetary needs like social and economic development.

Conclusion

Tunisia’s steady economic growth, young working-age population, and gradual urbanization highlight its potential for future development. Although the country faces challenges like inflation and a high unemployment rate, its strategic sectors—particularly services and manufacturing—position it as an emerging market within North Africa. Digital usage is rising, driven by a tech-savvy youth demographic that aligns with global digital trends, providing fertile ground for innovation and business expansion.

On the political front, Tunisia’s ongoing democratic reforms following the Arab Spring have enhanced political stability, although economic and social pressures remain. The government’s fiscal deficit and rising debt levels signal a need for targeted economic policies to foster sustainable growth. Militarily, Tunisia’s steady defense spending underscores its focus on regional security. For market research in Tunisia, these dynamics offer valuable insights into the evolving landscape, helping stakeholders understand the opportunities and challenges within the country’s economic, digital, and social frameworks.